Cloning involves producing identical copies of genes, cells or organisms.
A clone is a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of genetically identical cells derived from a single parent cell. Although the success rate for cloning is from 0.1 to 3%, 20 animals had been successfully cloned by 2016.
Some of these include:
* Carp. (Featured above: A common carp, as-yet-uncloned)
* Dolly the Sheep.
* Cumulina the Mouse.
* Noto and Kaga (Cows)
* Mira the Goat.
* A Family of Pigs: Millie, Alexis, Christa, Dotcom, and Carrel.
* Ombretta the Mouflon.
* Tetra the Rhesus Monkey.
Cloning is useful as it allows you to select the combination desirable characteristics for the clone as well as reproductive cloning used in order to replicate the organism with the same suitable characteristics.
Cloning is also used for therapeutic causes, to produce skin and other tissues used for treatment of patients.
Techniques are developing to create human embryos from which embryonic stem cells can be obtained for medical use. Stem cells are undifferentiated meaning they can divide to become any type of cell in the human body. They are used to replace damaged tissues or organs.
There are arguments for therapeutic cloning. Embryonic stem cells can be used to save lives and reduce human suffering.
These cells can be removed from embryos which have stopped developing and would have died anyway.
Embryos cannot feel pain from the removal of the cells as they are taken away at an early stage when the embryos haven't developed any nerve cells.
Nevertheless there are also many arguments against therapeutic cloning.
Every human embryo is a potential human being which should be given a chance of developing.
More embryos may be produced than are needed so many may have to be killed.
There is also danger of embryonic stem cells developing into tumour cells.
It is also unclear if the clone will express the right genes at the right time meaning it might not even become a completely identical clone to the original.
Another danger is the occurrence of the 'Large Offspring Syndrome' (LOS). Clones with LOS have abnormally large organs. This can lead to breathing, blood flow and other problems.
A clone is a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of genetically identical cells derived from a single parent cell. Although the success rate for cloning is from 0.1 to 3%, 20 animals had been successfully cloned by 2016.
Some of these include:
* Carp. (Featured above: A common carp, as-yet-uncloned)
* Dolly the Sheep.
* Cumulina the Mouse.
* Noto and Kaga (Cows)
* Mira the Goat.
* A Family of Pigs: Millie, Alexis, Christa, Dotcom, and Carrel.
* Ombretta the Mouflon.
* Tetra the Rhesus Monkey.
Cloning is useful as it allows you to select the combination desirable characteristics for the clone as well as reproductive cloning used in order to replicate the organism with the same suitable characteristics.
Cloning is also used for therapeutic causes, to produce skin and other tissues used for treatment of patients.
Techniques are developing to create human embryos from which embryonic stem cells can be obtained for medical use. Stem cells are undifferentiated meaning they can divide to become any type of cell in the human body. They are used to replace damaged tissues or organs.
There are arguments for therapeutic cloning. Embryonic stem cells can be used to save lives and reduce human suffering.
These cells can be removed from embryos which have stopped developing and would have died anyway.
Embryos cannot feel pain from the removal of the cells as they are taken away at an early stage when the embryos haven't developed any nerve cells.
Nevertheless there are also many arguments against therapeutic cloning.
Every human embryo is a potential human being which should be given a chance of developing.
More embryos may be produced than are needed so many may have to be killed.
There is also danger of embryonic stem cells developing into tumour cells.
It is also unclear if the clone will express the right genes at the right time meaning it might not even become a completely identical clone to the original.
Another danger is the occurrence of the 'Large Offspring Syndrome' (LOS). Clones with LOS have abnormally large organs. This can lead to breathing, blood flow and other problems.
Legal enforcements concerning cloning vary all over the world. Human embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are majorly permitted, however reproductive human cloning is banned everywhere.